Dye-sensitized solar cell module using thin glass substrate and method of manufacturing the same

ABSTRACT

Disclosed are a dye-sensitized solar cell module and a method of manufacturing the same. The dye-sensitized solar cell module includes a working electrode formed by stacking a collector and a photo-electrode to which a dye is adsorbed on a transparent conductive substrate; a counter electrode formed by stacking a collector and a catalytic electrode on a transparent conductive substrate; and an electrolyte filled in a space between the working electrode and the counter electrode sealed by a sealant. A glass substrate for the working electrode of glass substrates forming the transparent conductive substrates for the electrodes is a thin glass plate substrate thinner than the glass substrate for the working electrode.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION

This application is a divisional of U.S. application Ser. No.13/397,050, filed Feb. 15, 2012, which claims under 35 U.S.C. §119(a)the benefit of Korean Patent Application No. 10-2011-0126566 filed onNov. 30, 2011, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein byreference.

BACKGROUND

(a) Technical Field

The present invention relates to a dye-sensitized solar cell module anda method of manufacturing the same. More particularly, it relates to alarge-area dye-sensitized solar cell module which can reduce the weightof the cell without degrading performance by reducing the thicknessthereof using a thin glass plate substrate, and a method ofmanufacturing the same.

(b) Background Art

In recent years, as global warming is becoming a serious problem,technologies for utilizing environmentally friendly energies have begunto emerge as a necessity in the future growth of energy sources. Inparticular, solar cells have been significantly beneficial because theyutilize renewable energy. These solar cells include silicon solar cells,thin film solar cells using inorganic materials such as copper indiumgallium selenide (CIGS)(Cu(InGa)Se₂) and cadmium telluride (CdTe),dye-sensitized solar cells, organic solar cells, and organic-inorganichybrid solar cell.

Among the solar cells, silicon solar cells have already been widely usedcommercially in various fields such as houses and industrial plants, buttheir price and installation costs are prohibitively expensive forsmaller applications. However, dye-sensitized solar cells areinexpensive compared to silicon solar cells and can achievesemi-transparent designs or other various designs. Therefore, manystudies on the dye-sensitized solar cells are being made.

More specifically, dye-sensitized solar cells may be applied not only tohouses but also to building integrated photovoltaic power generationsystems like silicon solar cells, and may be applied to various fieldsincluding electronic industrial fields such as home appliances andportable electronic devices, and roofs and glass windows for vehicles.Such a dye-sensitized solar cell includes a system for generatingelectricity by using a photoelectric conversion mechanism configured toabsorb visible light from a Ru-based pigment adsorbed to a TiO₂ and forma photocurrent.

FIG. 1 is a sectional view illustrating a conventional dye-sensitizedsolar cell module. As illustrated in FIG. 1, the dye-sensitized solarcell module 1 includes a working electrode 10 on which a photo-electrode13, to a which a dye is adsorbed, is stacked, a counter electrode 20 onwhich a catalytic electrode 23 is stacked, and an electrolyte 30 filledwithin a sealed space between the working electrode 10 and the counterelectrode 20.

The example of the dye-sensitized solar cell module 1 includes adye-sensitized solar cell module 1 where a photo-electrode 13 (or asemiconductor oxide thick film) such as TiO₂, to which a Ru-based dyecapable of absorbing light, is stacked on a transparent conductivesubstrate 11 a of a working electrode 10. A catalytic electrode 23 usingplatinum Pt is stacked on a transparent conductive substrate 21 a of acounter electrode 20, and an I⁻/I₃ ⁻-based electrolyte 30 is filled in aspace between the working electrode 10 and the counter electrode 20sealed by a sealant 31 with the working electrode 10 and the counterelectrode 20 which are bonded to each other.

A collector may be formed in an interior of the dye-sensitized solarcell module to acquire necessary electric power by applying thedye-sensitized solar cell module to applications, making it possible toeffectively collect a photocurrent. Then, an overall efficiency of adye-sensitized solar cell is influenced by the size of a collector and aphoto-electrode in a working electrode when modules are manufacturedthrough the same process. Accordingly, many studies on structures ofdye-sensitized solar cell modules including components, shapes, anddispositions of collectors have been conducted to provide the mostefficient cells. In particular, a collector capable of collecting aphotocurrent may be used in order to apply a dye-sensitized solar cellto an application over a large area.

In FIG. 1, the reference numeral 11 denotes a substrate of the workingelectrode 10, the reference numeral 12 denotes a transparent electrodematerial layer (FTO, Fluorine Doped Tin Oxide (SnO₂:F)) formed on thesubstrate 11, the reference numeral 21 denotes a substrate of thecounter electrode 20, and the reference numeral 22 denotes a transparentelectrode material layer formed on the substrate 21. Furthermore, thereference numeral 25 denotes a portion of the collector 24 a exposed tothe outside of the module 1, i.e. a collector bottom portion 25 of thecounter electrode 20.

FIG. 2 is a view illustrating an example of forming a collector 14 a inthe working electrode 10. The collector 14 a includes collector cells 14surrounded by a protective film 16, and a collector bottom portion 15 towhich the collector cells 14 are connected. More specifically, asillustrated in FIG. 2, in a general dye-sensitized solar cell modulehaving the collector 14 a, the silver collector cells 14 surrounded bythe protective films 16 interposed between the collector cells 14 andthe TiO₂ photo-electrode 13 are formed in a line on the transparentconductive substrate 11 a. Then, the collector cells 14 extend to thecollector bottom portion 15 stacked along a periphery of the transparentconductive substrate 11 a to be integrally connected to each other.

Likewise, although not illustrated in the drawings, thin collector cellssurrounded by a protective film interposed between the collector cellsand the catalytic electrode 23 are formed in the counter electrode 20.The collector cells extend to the collector bottom portion 25 (seeFIG. 1) stacked along a periphery of the counter electrode 20 to beintegrally connected to each other.

As illustrated in FIG. 1, the collector bottom portions 15 and 25 areexposed to the outside of the module 10 in the electrodes 10 and 20, andact as electrode portions electrically connecting adjacent modules whena solar cell module is constructed by using a plurality of solar cellmodules 1.

The transparent conductive substrates 11 a and 21 a used for the workingelectrode 10 and the counter electrode 20 are manufactured by stacking atransparent electrode material, e.g., FTO on glass substrates 11 and 21consisting of soda-lime glass, in which case the thickness of the glasssubstrates 11 and 21 is about 2 to 3 mm.

However, since the weight of the dye-sensitized solar cell module 1tends to increase as the side thereof becomes larger, there is a need toreduce the weight of the module when the module is applied toapplication products such as a roof (e.g., a sunroof and a panoramaroof) of a vehicle, a sun visor for a vehicular glass window, and otherelectronic products.

Although a dye-sensitized solar cell may be manufactured by using aflexible substrate in order to solve this problem, a performance of adye-sensitized solar cell using a flexible substrate is degraded incomparison with a dye-sensitized solar cell which uses a conventionalglass substrate.

Korean Patent Application Publication No. 2009-0067416 discloses atechnology for applying a solar cell film using a flexible substrate toa vehicle in which a solar cell film is inserted into a glass window.However, although this flexible substrate is lighter than a glasssubstrate, and it is impossible to heat-treat the flexible substrate inan aspect of processing, a solar cell using a flexible substrate hasperformance characteristics which are much lower than that of a solarcell using a glass substrate and the utility of the solar cell using aflexible substrate is thus degraded.

SUMMARY OF THE DISCLOSURE

The present invention provides a large area dye-sensitized solar cellmodule which includes a working electrode to which a photo-electrode isapplied, a counter electrode to which a catalytic electrode is applied,and an electrolyte filled in a sealed space between the workingelectrode and the counter electrode and a method of manufacturing thesame. More specifically, the dye-sensitized solar cell's thickness canbe reduced without degradation of performance.

In one aspect, the present invention provides a method of manufacturinga dye-sensitized solar cell module. In particular, the method includesstacking a transparent conductive material layer on a glass substrate tomanufacture a transparent conductive substrate for a working electrode;stacking a transparent electrode material layer on a thin glass platesubstrate thinner than the glass substrate of the transparent conductivesubstrate for the working electrode to manufacture a transparentconductive substrate for a counter electrode; stacking a collector and aphoto-electrode on the transparent conductive substrate for the workingelectrode to finish the working electrode; stacking a collector and acatalytic electrode on the transparent conductive substrate for thecounter electrode to finish the counter electrode; and bonding theworking electrode and the counter electrode with a sealant, injecting anelectrolyte through an electrolyte injection aperture into a spacebetween the working electrode and the counter electrode sealed with thesealant, and sealing the electrolyte injection aperture, to finish thesolar cell module.

In another aspect, the present invention provides a dye-sensitized solarcell module which includes a working electrode formed with a collectorand a photo-electrode to which a dye is adsorbed stacked on a firsttransparent conductive substrate; a counter electrode formed with acollector and a catalytic electrode stacked on a second transparentconductive substrate; and an electrolyte filled in a space between theworking electrode and the counter electrode sealed by a sealant. Inparticular, a glass substrate in the counter electrode of glasssubstrates forming the transparent conductive substrates for theelectrodes is a thin glass plate substrate thinner than the glasssubstrate for the working electrode.

Therefore, according to a dye-sensitized solar cell module and a methodof manufacturing the same of the present invention, since a thin glassplate substrate having a thickness thinner than a glass substrate usedfor a substrate material of a working electrode is used for a substratematerial of a counter electrode and a process for manufacturing thecounter electrode is improved, the counter electrode and the solar cellmodule can be made thin without the thin glass plate substrate beingwarped while weight reduction without degradation of performance.

Consequently, the dye-sensitized solar cell module of the presentinvention which is lighter than conventional dye-sensitized solar cellswhile at the same time securing strength without degrading performance.Thus, the dye-sensitized solar cell module of the illustrativeembodiment of the present invention can be usefully applied to parts ofa vehicle such as a roof or a sun visor. In this case, since the vehiclecan be made lighter, fuel efficiency can also be improved.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The above and other features of the present invention will now bedescribed in detail with reference to certain exemplary embodimentsthereof illustrated in the accompanying drawings which are given hereinbelow by way of illustration only, and thus are not limitative of thepresent invention, and wherein:

FIG. 1 is a sectional view illustrating a conventional dye-sensitizedsolar cell module;

FIG. 2 is a view schematically illustrating a structure of a workingelectrode having a collector in the conventional dye-sensitized solarcell module;

FIG. 3 is a sectional view illustrating a dye-sensitized solar cellmodule according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention;and

FIG. 4 illustrates pictures for comparing the thicknesses of aconventional solar cell module and a solar cell module according to theexemplary embodiment of the present invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Hereinafter, exemplary embodiments of the present invention will bedescribed in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings so thatthose skilled in the art to which the invention pertains can easilycarry out the present invention.

It is understood that the term “vehicle” or “vehicular” or other similarterm as used herein is inclusive of motor vehicles in general such aspassenger automobiles including sports utility vehicles (SUV), buses,trucks, various commercial vehicles, watercraft including a variety ofboats and ships, aircraft, and the like, and includes hybrid vehicles,electric vehicles, plug-in hybrid electric vehicles, hydrogen-poweredvehicles and other alternative fuel vehicles (e.g., fuels derived fromresources other than petroleum). As referred to herein, a hybrid vehicleis a vehicle that has two or more sources of power, for example bothgasoline-powered and electric-powered vehicles.

The present invention relates to a large area dye-sensitized solar cellmodule including a working electrode to which a photo-electrode isapplied, a counter electrode to which a catalytic electrode is applied,and an electrolyte filled in a sealed space between the workingelectrode and the counter electrode, whereby the thickness of the modulecan be reduced, making it possible to lighten the module withoutdegrading performance, and a method of manufacturing the same.

FIG. 3 is a sectional view illustrating a dye-sensitized solar cellmodule according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention. Asillustrated in FIG. 3, the solar cell module 1 of the present inventionuses glass substrates 11 and 21 as materials of substrates forming theworking electrode 10 and the counter electrode 20 instead of usingflexible substrates which degrade the performance, in which case a thinglass plate is used for a substrate material of the counter electrode20, lightening the module while decreasing the thickness of the module.

That is, when the working electrode 10 and the counter electrode 20 aremanufactured, transparent conductive substrates 11 a and 21 a are firstmanufactured by stacking transparent electrode material layers 12 and 22consisting of Fluorine doped Tin oxide (FTO) on glass substrates 11 and21, in which case the glass substrate 21 used for the counter electrode20 is thinner than the glass substrate 11 used for the working electrode10. Since when the two glass substrates 11 and 21 are used tomanufacture the module 1, a heat treatment process is required, a modulewith an excellent performance can be manufactured as compared with amodule which uses a flexible substrate.

However, when both the working electrode 10 and the counter electrode 20are manufactured with thin glass plates, the module may be easilybroken. In particular, when a conventional process is applied as it is,the photo-electrode 13 and the glass frit for forming a protective filmmay be warped in the process of heat-treating collectors 14 a and 24 aat a high temperature.

According to the present invention, considering the above-mentionedproblem, the working electrode 10 to which the photo-electrode 13influencing efficiency is applied employs a glass substrate 11 with athickness of 1.5 to 3 mm which the same as the conventional one so thatthe conventional process can be applied as it is, and the counterelectrode 20 manufactured with a relatively simple process employs athin glass plate substrate 21 with a thickness of 0.1 to 1 mm as amaterial of the substrate and the process for the counter electrode 20is improved, securing a safety and a lightness of the module.

Here, when a thin glass film with a thickness of 0.1 mm is used as asubstrate material for the counter electrode 20, it may be easily brokenduring a manufacturing process or treatment thereof. Moreover, it maynot be applied to a vehicle in the form of a sunroof, a panorama roof,or a sun visor for a glass window in an aspect of strength of the solarcell module 1, which is not desirable. Furthermore, when a glasssubstrate has a thickness exceeding 1 mm, it is not sufficient tosatisfy an aspect of lightness to be achieved by the present invention,which is not desirable.

FIG. 3 illustrates a sectional structure of a light dye-sensitized solarcell module 1 according to the illustrative embodiment of the presentinvention. As illustrated in FIG. 3, the dye-sensitized solar cellmodule 1 includes a working electrode 10 on which a photo-electrode 13formed of Titanium dioxide (TiO₂) to which a dye (for example, a knownRu-based dye) is adsorbed is stacked, a counter electrode 20 on which acatalytic electrode 23 containing platinum (Pt) is stacked, and anelectrolyte 30 filled in a space between the working electrode 10 andthe counter electrode 20 sealed by a sealant 31. A thin glass platesubstrate 21 thinner than a substrate of the working electrode 10 isused for the counter electrode 20.

In this construction, since the working electrode 10 on which thephoto-electrode 13 of TiO₂ significantly influences a performance of thesolar cell, a transparent conductive substrate 11 a may be manufacturedby stacking a transparent electrode material layer 12 such as an FTOlayer on a conventional soda-lime glass substrate and the workingelectrode 10 may be manufactured by stacking a photo-electrode 13 and acollector 13 a on the transparent conductive substrate 11 a.

Meanwhile, the counter electrode 20, i.e. an opposite electrode employsa thin glass plate substrate 21 thinner than the glass substrate 11 ofthe working electrode 10, and a transparent conductive substrate 21 a ismanufactured by stacking a transparent electrode material layer 22consisting of FTO on the thin glass plate substrate 21 and then thecounter electrode 20 is manufactured by stacking the catalytic electrode23 and the collector 24 a on a transparent conductive thin platesubstrate 21 a.

When a glass substrate 11 with a thickness of 1.5 to 3 mm is used as asubstrate material of the working electrode 10 and a thin glass platesubstrate 21 with a thickness of 0.1 to 1 mm is used as a substratematerial of the counter electrode 20, the weight of a solar cell module1 can be reduced by more than 35% as compared with working electrodesand counter electrode with glass substrates having the same thicknesses.

However, in using the thin glass plate substrate 21, when a conventionalhigh-temperature process is applied to a process of manufacturing thetransparent conductive substrate 21 a or forming the catalytic electrode23 by stacking the transparent electrode material, the thin glass platesubstrate 21 may be warped. Thus, a process of not generating a warpingphenomenon in the thin glass plate substrate 21 is required. Morespecifically, when a soda-lime glass substrate, a lead-alkali glasssubstrate also called a lead glass substrate, or a low-iron glasssubstrate is used as a thin glass plate substrate with a thickness of0.1 to 1 mm, a processing temperature for forming a transparentelectrode material layer, a collector, and a catalytic electrode shouldbe limited to a range of about 25 to 400 degrees Celsius during amanufacturing process of the counter electrode 20.

When a glass substrate, such as a borosilicate glass substrate or analuminosilicate glass substrate, which will not warp during a hightemperature treatment, is used for the thin glass plate substrate 21 ofthe counter electrode 20, a conventional high-temperature process may beapplied.

First, in manufacturing the transparent conductive substrate 21 a of thecounter electrode 20, Indium Zinc Oxide (IZO), Indium Tin Oxide (ITO),and Aluminum doped Zinc Oxide (AZO) as well as Fluorine doped Tin Oxide(FTO) may be used for the transparent electrode material, and a processfor stacking a transparent electrode material on the thin glass platesubstrate 21 may be Spray Pyrolysis Deposition (SPD), sputtering, orChemical Vapor Deposition (CVD) which can be processed at a temperaturelower than 400 degrees Celsius.

When a silver collector 24 a (including a collector cell surrounded by aprotective film and a collector bottom portion) is formed in thetransparent conductive substrate 21 a of the counter electrode 20,patterns of the collector cell and the bottom portion 25 are formedthrough screen printing or ink-jet printing using silver pastecontaining a known binder and an amount of the binder in the silverpaste is limited to 1 to 20 wt % with respect to 100 wt % of paste toplasticize the paste in a process temperature of less than 400 degreesCelsius. Then, the binder may be a lauric acid, and a minimum amount ofbinder capable of improving an attaching force between low-molecularorganic silver particles and a substrate.

A solvent of silver paste (i.e. silver ink) may include polar solventssuch as ethylalcohol, methylalcohol, buthylalcohol, ethylene glycol,isopropanol, ethoxybutanol, methoxyethanol, butoxyethanol,alpha-terpineol, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, and N-buthyl amine, andnon-polar solvents such as xylene, hexane, octane, toluene,tetrahydrofuran, dimethylformamide, chloroform, ethylene glycolmonobutyl ether.

In an embodiment of the present invention, silver nitrate (AgNO₃) isused for a silver nano particle precursor, n-butylamine is used for asolvent, sodium borohydride, (NaBH₄) is used for a reducing agent, andapproximately 5% of diethylene glycol is added to disperse silver nanoink. In this way, a silver nano ink solution (the silver paste) whichcan be processed in a low temperature may be manufactured, and acollector for a low-temperature process may be formed in the counterelectrode. Then, the paste may be sintered through heat treatment at 100to 400 degrees Celsius.

Here, when an amount of a binder is less than 1 wt %, it is difficult toregulate viscosity and maintain an attaching force of a substrate, andwhen it exceeds 20 wt %, a higher temperature is required for theplasticity of the paste. Accordingly, the amount of the binder islimited to less than 20 wt %.

In addition, a method of forming a collector cell and a pattern of abottom portion may include low-temperature processes such as sputtering,chemical vapor deposition, and electro-deposition (E.D.). Moreover, informing a protective layer for forming a collector, the thermallyplasticized glass frit is not desirable as a material of a protectivefilm because a process temperature required for plasticization is toohigh. Thus, a protective film material to which a low-temperatureplasticization process can be applied is used, in which case aultraviolet (UV) hardener hardened by irradiating UV rays at a hightemperature or glass frit for low-temperature plasticization or laserplasticized glass frit is used.

Here, the UV hardener is a polymeric material which can be hardened byirradiating UV rays, and may include polyacrylonitrile, polyesteracrylonitrile, polyacrylate, polyether acrylate, polymethacrylate,polymethylmethacrylate, polyvinyl alcohol, polybutadiene acrylate, andsilicone acrylate.

The protective film is formed to surround the collector cells, in whichcase after a material for a protective film, i.e. a UV hardener, alow-temperature plasticized glass frit (sintered at 400 degreesCelsius), or laser plasticized glass fit is applied to a correspondingportion through screen printing, it is hardened through UV irradiationor laser irradiation. Finally, in forming the catalytic electrode 23 inthe counter electrode 20, a platinum catalytic electrode may be formedby using a platinum precursor solution which does not contain an organicbinder.

A platinum precursor solution using isopropanol and dihydrogenhexachloroplatinate(IV) hexahydrate) (H₂PtCl₆.H₂O) is manufactured, andit may be applied on a surface of the transparent conductive substrate21.

After the platinum precursor solution is applied, it is dried in an ovenand is heat-treated at a temperature of less than 400 degrees Celsius ina sintering furnace to be plasticized. The catalytic electrode 23 may beformed by reducing a platinum catalyst using an electro-chemicalprocess, or may be formed without heat treatment through sputtering orchemical vapor deposition.

When the collector cells, the bottom portion 25, and the catalyticelectrode 23 are formed by using printing in the process ofmanufacturing the counter electrode 20, the cells are dried in an ovenand finally heat-treated at a temperature of less than 400 degreesCelsius to be plasticized

Additionally, the counter electrode 20 may be finished without heattreatment when a process such as sputtering or chemical vapor depositionis applied.

When a dye-sensitized solar cell module is manufactured through amanufacturing method according to the present invention, weightreduction can be achieved without degradation of performance. Inparticular, the weight is reduced by more than 35% as compared with aconventional module when the counter electrode is replaced by a thinplate electrode. Furthermore, a performance of the solar cell module issubstantially the same as that of a conventional module.

FIG. 4 illustrates pictures representing cross-sections of an actuallymanufactured module, and it can be seen that the module 1 of the presentinvention using a glass substrate as a substrate material of the counterelectrode 20 has a decreased thickness as compared with that of theconventional module.

Additionally, Table 1 represents weights and thicknesses of glass whentransparent conductive substrates have different thicknesses, wherein asize (130 mm(w)×100 mm(h)) of glass substrates and thicknesses oftransparent electrode material layers are the same in respectivetransparent conductive substrates.

TABLE 1 Conductive Substrate Glass Thickness (mm) Weight (g) (a) 2.273.377 (b) 0.56 18.018 (c) 0.73 22.435

Table 2 represents weights (two sheets of glass are used, (a) for aworking electrode, (b) for a counter electrode) when the transparentconductive substrates of Table 1 are bonded, and shows that weight isreduced by 35 to 37% when a conductive substrate having a differentthickness is used.

TABLE 2 Conductive Substrate Glass Thickness (mm) Weight (g) 1 (a) + (a)4.40 146.754 2 (a) + (b) 2.76 91.395 3 (a) + (c) 2.93 95.812

Hereinafter, a process of manufacturing a solar cell module according tothe present invention will be described below, but the present inventionis not limited thereto.

First, an FTO transparent conductive substrate for a counter electrodeis manufactured by using a thin glass plate substrate with a thicknessof 0.56 mm and an FTO transparent conductive substrate for a workingelectrode is manufactured by using a glass substrate with a thickness of2.2 mm. Then, an electrolyte injection aperture is formed in thesubstrate for the counter electrode. The FTO transparent conductivesubstrates are then washed and dried, and silver collector cells and abottom portion are stacked on the FTO transparent conductive substratefor the working electrode through screen printing. Silver pastecontaining silver of 80 to 90 wt % with respect to the 100 wt % ofpaste, and an amount of silver is 80 wt % and diethylene glycol is addedto the paste.

After the collector cells and the bottom portion are printed, the FTOtransparent conductive substrate is dried in an oven and a TiO₂photo-electrode is formed to have a thickness of approximately 15micrometers. Next, after the collector protective film is formed usingglass frit through screen printing, a known Ru-based dye is adsorbed inthe TiO₂ photo-electrode. After the FTO transparent conductive substrateis dried in an oven, it is heat-treated in a sintering furnace at atemperature of 500 degrees Celsius to finish the working electrode.

For the counter electrode, the silver collector cells and the bottomportion are stacked on the FTO transparent conductive substrate throughscreen printing, in which case an amount of silver of the paste is about70 to 80 wt % with respect to 100 wt % of the paste or ink consisting ofparticles, a dispersing agent, and a solvent may be used. In theembodiment of the present invention, 80 wt % of silver paste whoseamount of other additives is relatively small is used for the silverpaste. In the silver paste, silver nitrate (AgNO₃) is used for thesilver nano particle precursor and 10 wt % of lauric acid is used forthe binder. n-butylamine is used for the solvent and sodium borohydrideis used for a reducing agent. Approximately 5% of diethylene glycol isadded to disperse the silver nano ink.

After the collector cells and the bottom portion are printed, the FTOtransparent conductive substrate is dried in an oven and a platinumprecursor solution is manufactured by using isopropanol and H₂PtCl₆.H₂O.Then, a platinum catalytic electrode is formed using a spraying process.

After it is dried and heat-treated at a temperature of 400 degreesCelsius in a sintering furnace, the counter electrode is finished byforming a protective film of the collector, and then Surlyn (Dupont) isused for a material for the protective film. Thereafter, e.g., Syrlyin,is used as a sealant to bond the working electrode and the counterelectrode at a temperature of 120 degrees Celsius, and an electrolyte(e.g. 0.1 M Lithium iodide, 0.05 M iodine, 0.6 M 1,3-dimethylimidazoliumiodide, 0.5 M tert-butyl pyridine/3-Methoxypropionitrile) ismanufactured and is injected through the electrolyte injection apertureof the counter electrode.

Generally, when a dye-sensitized solar cell is manufactured, it is bonedusing heat and pressure with a hot press. However, when substrates withdifferent thicknesses are used as in the present invention, if a hotpress is used, glass may be broken. Thus, if it is maintained in an ovenof 120 degrees Celsius for 2 to 3 minutes by using a frame which canapply a pressure uniformly only to a peripheral bonding portion, it maybe bonded uniformly without being broken.

Thereafter, the module of the present invention in FIG. 4 is finished byblocking the electrolyte injection aperture of the counter electrodewith sealing glass. The performance of the manufactured dye-sensitizedsolar cell module is represented in FIG. 3. The solar cell module ismanufactured by applying the same process to the portions other than thecounter electrode substrate. When compared with a module using an FTOconductive substrate with a thickness of more than 2 mm as thesubstrates for the working electrode and the counter electrode, themodule of the present invention using an FTO conductive substrate with athickness of 0.56 mm as a substrate of the counter electrode showedalmost no difference in performance.

TABLE 3 Photocurrent Photovoltage Efficiency (mA/cm²) (V) Fill Factor(%) Compared 13.34 0.71 0.51 4.83 Module Embodiment 13.60 0.73 0.48 4.70

Although an exemplary embodiment of the present invention has beendescribed in detail, the scope of the present invention is not limitedthereto but various modifications and improvements made by those skilledin the art using the basic concepts of the present invention defined inthe appended claims also pertain to the scope of the present invention.

What is claimed is:
 1. A dye-sensitized solar cell module comprising: aworking electrode formed by stacking a collector, a photo-electrode towhich a dye is adsorbed, and a transparent electrode material layer on atransparent conductive substrate; a counter electrode formed by stackinga collector, a catalytic electrode, and a transparent electrode materiallayer on a transparent conductive substrate; and an electrolyte filledin a space between the working electrode and the counter electrodesealed by a sealant, wherein a glass substrate for the counter electrodeof glass substrates forming the transparent conductive substrates forthe electrodes is a thin glass plate substrate thinner than a glasssubstrate for the working electrode, wherein the transparent electrodematerial layer for the counter electrode is formed between the catalyticelectrode and the thing glass plate substrate while being in directcontact with the thin glass plate substrate and the catalytic electrode,wherein the counter electrode consists essentially of the transparentelectrode material layer, the thin glass plate substrate thinner thanthe glass substrate of the transparent conductive substrate for theworking electrode, the catalytic electrode and the collector, and thethin glass plate substrate thinner than the glass substrate of thetransparent conductive substrate for the working electrode is notflexible.
 2. The dye-sensitized solar cell module of claim 1, wherein athickness of the glass substrate for the working electrode is 1.5 to 3mm and a thickness of the glass substrate for the counter electrode is0.1 to 1 mm.